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Strengthen Restricted and Hazardous Substances Management

E Ink is committed to providing products that meet customer needs while being environmentally friendly, adhering to the management principles of "No Entry, No Use, No Output" for hazardous substances. Strict controls are implemented at every stage, from product design, raw material procurement, and manufacturing to production testing and final sales, ensuring compliance with current domestic and international regulations and commitments on hazardous substance management. E Ink currently manages restricted substances in accordance with the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS), the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), the prohibition of conflict minerals, and Halogen Free requirements. Based on review results, restricted substance specifications required by specific customers are incorporated into the Company's controlled substance list.

No non-compliance issues were identified in 2025^Note. E Ink plans to incorporate Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) into its existing hazardous substance management framework through supplier data collection, internal reviews, and systematic management via the Hazardous Substance Management (HSM). E Ink will continue to closely monitor restricted substance regulations and customer requirements in its key markets to ensure compliance with the latest environmental regulations.

Hazardous Substances Management Objectives

Restricted and Hazardous Substances Compliance Targets in Products

Item	2024 Result	2025 Target	2026 Target	2030 Target
Hazardous substances in the product comply with E Ink’s green product standards, including but not limited to EU RoHS, WEEE, REACH, halogen-free, and client-specific requirements.	100%	100%	100%	100%

Plastics and metals used in products

In 2022, during the UN Environment Assembly, 170 countries committed to establishing a binding global agreement, the Global Plastics Treaty, to regulate the production, use, and disposal of plastics in industries that heavily rely on plastic products. This convention has been recognized as one of the most significant global environmental agreements since the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement. Plastics have garnered widespread attention because, once they enter the oceans, they not only cause the death of marine life and destruction of habitats, but larger plastics also gradually break down into microplastics that are absorbed by marine organisms and enter the food chain, ultimately posing potential risks to human health.

Moreover, with the rapid advancement of technology and the transition of traditional industries to clean energy technologies, the demand for metal resources across various sectors continues to grow. The International Energy Agency (IEA) said that "since 2010 the average amount of minerals needed for a new unit of power generation capacity has increased by 50% as the share of renewables in new investment has risen." However, metal extraction is highly associated with child labor, forced labor, damage from hazardous materials or chemicals degradation of biodiversity, or high CO2 emissions. Therefore, promoting the use of recycled metals has become imperative.

Metals and plastics are indispensable raw materials in the production of E Ink products. To reduce the environmental and social impacts caused by the use of these raw materials in the manufacturing process, E Ink began an inventory of the metals and plastics used in its productsNote in 2025, laying the groundwork for increasing the use of recycled materials in the future. Through these efforts, E Ink is committed to achieving more sustainable product design and production processes, reducing negative impacts on the environment and society, and advancing the development of green products.

Note: The inventory focuses on products and modules that account for 80% of the shipping weight in 2025.

2025 Plastic Materials in Products

Category	Amount Used (Metric Tons)	Share of Materials Used that are Recycled (%)
Polyethylene (PE)	0.00	0.00
Polypropylene (PP)	0.01	0.00
Polystyrene (PS)	0.00	0.00
Acrylic (PMMA)	24.04	0.00
Polycarbonate (PC)	0.00	0.00
Polyvinylchloride (PVC)	0.00	0.00
Polyester (include PET)	510.18	0.00
Polyamide (PA)	0.00	0.00
Polyurethane (PU)	0.02	0.00
Other	75.42	0.00
Total	609.66	0.00

2025 Metal Raw Materials in Products

Metal Materials	Amount Used (Metric Tons)	Share of Material Used that are Recycled (%)
Aluminium (Al)	7.37	0.00
Cobalt (Co)	0.00001	0.00
Copper (Cu)	23.63	0.00
Iron/steel (Fe/Steel)	0.17	0.00
Nickel (Ni)	15.62	0.00
Lithium (Li)	0.00	0.00
Titanium (Ti)	0.001	0.00
Total	46.79	0.00

Conflict Minerals Management

E Ink Conflict Minerals Policy and Declaration

E Ink conducts responsible mineral sourcing due diligence for Conflict Minerals (CM) in accordance with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals, the framework of the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI), and customer requirements. E Ink also closely monitors the Reasonable Country of Origin Inquiry (RCOI) reports released by the RMI to stay informed about the country of origin of 3TG (Tungsten, Tantalum, Tin, and Gold), as well as Cobalt (Co) and Mica (Mica), which are mined in ways that violate human rights. As a global citizen, E Ink actively promotes the Responsible Business Alliance (RBA) Code of Conduct and declares its commitment to not accepting minerals from conflict-affected areas.

E Ink Conflict Minerals Policy

As a member of the global electronics industry supply chain, E Ink Holdings Inc. is not only active in product development and improvement, but also continuously committed to responsible procurement, including social responsibility and environmental protection issues. E Ink Group supports the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI) jointly initiated by RBA with practical actions, and does not support or use minerals from armed conflicts, illegal mining and poor working conditions. It also requires all suppliers to use the Conflict Minerals Reporting Template (CMRT) and The Cobalt Reporting Template (CRT) provided by RMI to investigate their products containing tantalum (Ta), tin (Sn), tungsten ( W), gold (Au) and cobalt (Co) and due diligence should be used to confirm the source of these minerals. In order to meet the specifications and customer requirements, we will continue to update the survey results in the future.

According to this policy, E Ink will:

1. Conduct supply chain due diligence in accordance with the OECD Due Diligence Guidelines for Responsible Mineral Supply Chains in Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas.

2. If the material of product contains minerals such as tantalum (Ta), tin (Sn), tungsten (W), gold (Au) and cobalt (Co), due diligence on conflict minerals should be carried out and the tantalum (Ta) used in the product should be fully disclosed. , tin (Sn), tungsten (W), gold (Au) and cobalt (Co) and other mineral sources.

3. We require suppliers to cooperate in filling out the conflict minerals survey template (please go to the RMI website to download the latest version), and provide relevant proof of origin. Suppliers should communicate this policy to their upstream suppliers and supply chain, and require their upstream suppliers to comply with it.

4. Pursue conflict-free minerals and refuse products containing tantalum (Ta), tin (Sn), tungsten (W), gold (Au) and cobalt (Co) from illegally mined areas in the People's Republic of Congo or its neighboring countries.

Conflict Minerals Due Diligence Process and Responsibilities

E Ink has established a conflict minerals management process and incorporated the relevant management mechanisms into the "Environmental Restricted Substances Management Committee" for oversight. At the operational level, the General Manager serves as the highest authority for conflict minerals management, responsible for overall supervision and final approval. Through cross-functional collaboration, the Company promotes the implementation of related management activities to ensure that its procurement and supply chain management processes comply with applicable conflict minerals regulations and customer requirements.

Compliance with Conflict Minerals Regulations

E Ink regularly reviews domestic and international regulations, industry initiatives, and management trends related to conflict minerals, and updates its Conflict Minerals Policy and management measures on a rolling basis accordingly. E Ink formally communicates its Conflict Minerals Policy and Requirements to suppliers in writing, requiring all suppliers to comply, while also encouraging them to establish their own conflict minerals policies and cascade these requirements to their upstream suppliers. In addition, E Ink has explicitly incorporated the requirement of not using conflict minerals into supplier contracts, procurement documents, and related management documentation, making it one of the key conditions for establishing and maintaining business relationships. Failure to meet these requirements may affect cooperation or continued supplier qualification. To ensure that stakeholders are able to raise related concerns, E Ink has established stakeholder grievance channels, supplier communication windows, and existing internal grievance mechanisms on its official website. These channels are open to all stakeholders for reporting or filing complaints related to supply chain management, responsible sourcing, and conflict minerals. All reported cases are handled in accordance with the Company's internal procedures. Meanwhile, E Ink conducts regular internal training programs to enhance relevant personnel's awareness of conflict minerals regulations, management systems, and the latest requirements, ensuring the effective implementation of its conflict minerals management measures.

Mineral Source Country Investigation

As E Ink's manufacturing processes involve the use of 3TG minerals, the Company is committed to ensuring the traceability of 3TG minerals contained in all components, raw materials, packaging materials, and assemblies used in its products, and to ensuring that such minerals are not sourced from smelters or countries identified by the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI) as non-conformant. Each year, E Ink conducts reasonable country of origin inquiries for minerals by requiring at least 10% of its significant suppliers to complete the Conflict Mineral Reporting Template (CMRT) and the Extended Minerals Reporting Template (EMRT). The survey results are systematically consolidated to generate monitoring reports and are subject to internal review, serving as the basis for risk identification and management. In addition, E Ink requires significant suppliers to sign the declaration of metal conflict-free, with the objective of achieving 100% supplier compliance by 2026.

Due Diligence

To ensure the compliance of mineral sources throughout its supply chain, E Ink refers to the latest Active and Conformant Smelters List published by the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI). Through the third-party audit mechanism promoted by the RMI, E Ink confirms that the mineral sources and due diligence practices of smelters and refiners in its supply chain have been independently verified by a third party and comply with the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict- Affected and High-Risk Areas. Upon completing mineral source investigations and risk identification, E Ink has established and implemented a conflict minerals risk management and improvement mechanism. When suppliers disclose mineral sources involving unverified smelters or potential conflict affected and high-risk areas, they are required to submit corrective action plans within a specified timeframe, and their implementation is tracked. Where necessary, the use of such sources will be restricted or discontinued.

In addition, the Company has incorporated the feasibility assessment of alternative mineral sources into its existing risk management mechanism by evaluating alternative suppliers, regions, countries, or materials to reduce legal and reputational risks. In 2025, E Ink completed conflict minerals due diligence for 170 suppliers. Based on supplier disclosures and verification against the RMI Active and Conformant Smelters List, E Ink confirmed a 100% compliant mineral usage rate and did not identify any products involving minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas.